Ansink, A., & van der Velden, J. (2000). Surgical interventions for early squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2), CD002036. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd002036
Aviki, E. M., Esselen, K. M., Barcia, S. M., Nucci, M. R., Horowitz, N. S., Feltmate, C. M., . . . Muto, M. G. (2015). Does plastic surgical consultation improve the outcome of patients undergoing radical vulvectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva? Gynecologic Oncology, 137(1), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.02.001
Balleyguier, C., Sala, E., Da Cunha, T., Bergman, A., Brkljacic, B., Danza, F., . . . Kinkel, K. (2011). Staging of uterine cervical cancer with MRI: guidelines of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology. European Radiology, 21(5), 1102-1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-010-1998-x
Beller, U., Quinn, M. A., Benedet, J. L., Creasman, W. T., Ngan, H. Y., Maisonneuve, P., . . . Heintz, A. P. (2006). Carcinoma of the vulva. FIGO 26th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 95 Suppl 1, S7-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(06)60028-3
Björkholm, E. (2000). Vulvacancer (Rapport / Svensk förenings för obstetrik och gynekologi arbets- och referensgrupp nr. 44). Stockholm: Svenska läkaresällskapet.
Carter, J., Huang, H. Q., Armer, J., Carlson, J. W., Lockwood, S., Nolte, S., . . . Wenzel, L. B. (2021). GOG 244 - The Lymphedema and Gynecologic cancer (LeG) study: The impact of lower-extremity lymphedema on quality of life, psychological adjustment, physical disability, and function. Gynecologic Oncology, 160(1), 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.10.023
Chan, J. K., Sugiyama, V., Pham, H., Gu, M., Rutgers, J., Osann, K., . . . Disaia, P. J. (2007). Margin distance and other clinico-pathologic prognostic factors in vulvar carcinoma: a multivariate analysis. Gynecologic Oncology, 104(3), 636-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.10.004
Coleman, R. L., Ali, S., Levenback, C. F., Gold, M. A., Fowler, J. M., Judson, P. L., . . . Trimble, C. L. (2013). Is bilateral lymphadenectomy for midline squamous carcinoma of the vulva always necessary? An analysis from Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 173. Gynecologic Oncology, 128(2), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.11.034
De Hullu, J. A., Hollema, H., Lolkema, S., Boezen, M., Boonstra, H., Burger, M. P., . . . Van Der Zee, A. G. (2002). Vulvar carcinoma. The price of less radical surgery. Cancer, 95(11), 2331-2338. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.10969
de Hullu, J. A., van der Avoort, I. A., Oonk, M. H., & van der Zee, A. G. (2006). Management of vulvar cancers. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 32(8), 825-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2006.03.035
de Hullu, J. A., & van der Zee, A. G. (2006). Surgery and radiotherapy in vulvar cancer. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 60(1), 38-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2006.02.008
de Sanjosé, S., Alemany, L., Ordi, J., Tous, S., Alejo, M., Bigby, S. M., . . . Bosch, F. X. (2013). Worldwide human papillomavirus genotype attribution in over 2000 cases of intraepithelial and invasive lesions of the vulva. European Journal of Cancer, 49(16), 3450-3461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.033
Dhakal, H. P., Nesland, J. M., Førsund, M., Trope, C. G., & Holm, R. (2013). Primary tumor vascularity, HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas: their relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic impact. BMC Cancer, 13, 506. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-506
Edey, K. A., Allan, E., Murdoch, J. B., Cooper, S., & Bryant, A. (2013). Interventions for the treatment of Paget's disease of the vulva. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10), CD009245. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009245.pub2
Eva, L. J., Sadler, L., Fong, K. L., Sahota, S., Jones, R. W., & Bigby, S. M. (2020). Trends in HPV-dependent and HPV-independent vulvar cancers: The changing face of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology, 157(2), 450-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.01.029
Ferrari, F., Forte, S., Ardighieri, L., Bonetti, E., Fernando, B., Sartori, E., & Odicino, F. (2019). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in primary squamous cell vulvar cancer: The role of perineural invasion in recurrence and survival. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 45(11), 2115-2119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2019.07.029
FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) 26th Annual Report on the Results of Treatment in Gynecological Cancer. (2006). International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 95 Suppl 1, S1-257.
Gaffney, D. K., King, B., Viswanathan, A. N., Barkati, M., Beriwal, S., Eifel, P., . . . Bosch, W. (2016). Consensus Recommendations for Radiation Therapy Contouring and Treatment of Vulvar Carcinoma. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 95(4), 1191-1200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.043
Gaarenstroom, K. N., van der Hiel, B., Tollenaar, R. A. E. M., Vink, G. R., Jansen, F. W., van Asperen, C. J., & Kenter, G. G. (2006). Efficacy of screening women at high risk of hereditary ovarian cancer: results of an 11-year cohort study. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 16 Suppl 1, 54-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00480.x
Hauspy, J., Beiner, M., Harley, I., Ehrlich, L., Rasty, G., & Covens, A. (2007). Sentinel lymph node in vulvar cancer. Cancer, 110(5), 1015-1023. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22874
Helsedirektoratet. (2019). Nasjonalt handlingsprogram for palliasjon i kreftomsorgen: nasjonal faglig retningslinje (rev utg.). (IS-2800). Oslo: Helsedirektoratet. Hentet fra https://www.helsedirektoratet.no/retningslinjer/palliasjon-i-kreftomsorgen-handlingsprogram/Palliasjon%20i%20kreftomsorgen%20%E2%80%93%20Nasjonalt%20handlingsprogram%20med%20retningslinjer.pdf
Holthoff, E. R., Jeffus, S. K., Gehlot, A., Stone, R., Erickson, S. W., Kelly, T., . . . Post, S. R. (2015). Perineural Invasion Is an Independent Pathologic Indicator of Recurrence in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 39(8), 1070-1074. https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000000422
Howe, H. L., Wingo, P. A., Thun, M. J., Ries, L. A., Rosenberg, H. M., Feigal, E. G., & Edwards, B. K. (2001). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featuring cancers with recent increasing trends. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93(11), 824-842.
Iversen, T., Abeler, V., & Aalders, J. (1981). Individualized treatment of stage I carcinoma of the vulva. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 57(1), 85-89.
Iversen, T., & Tretli, S. (1998). Intraepithelial and invasive squamous cell neoplasia of the vulva: trends in incidence, recurrence, and survival rate in Norway. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91(6), 969-972. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00101-x
Jackson, K. S., Fankam, E. F., Das, N., Naik, R., Lopes, A. D., Godfrey, K. A., . . . Taylor, W. T. (2006). Unilateral groin and pelvic irradiation for unilaterally node-positive women with vulval carcinoma. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 16(1), 283-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00370.x
Jones, R. W., & Rowan, D. M. (1994). Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III: a clinical study of the outcome in 113 cases with relation to the later development of invasive vulvar carcinoma. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 84(5), 741-745.
Knopp, S. (2006). Prognostic studies in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: with emphasis on cell cycle components, human papillomavirus and occult metastases (doktorgrad). (Series of dissertations submitted to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo No. 492). Oslo: University of Oslo.
Kumar, S., Shah, J. P., & Malone, J. M., Jr. (2009). Vulvar cancer in women less than fifty in United States, 1980-2005. Gynecologic Oncology, 112(1), 283-284; author reply 234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.07.003
Lai, K. W., & Mercurio, M. G. (2010). Medical and surgical approaches to vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Dermatologic Therapy, 23(5), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01351.x
Lawrie, T. A., Patel, A., Martin-Hirsch, P. P., Bryant, A., Ratnavelu, N. D., Naik, R., & Ralte, A. (2014). Sentinel node assessment for diagnosis of groin lymph node involvement in vulval cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6), CD010409. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010409.pub2
Levenback, C., Coleman, R. L., Burke, T. W., Bodurka-Bevers, D., Wolf, J. K., & Gershenson, D. M. (2001). Intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification with blue dye in patients with vulvar cancer. Gynecologic Oncology, 83(2), 276-281. https://doi.org/10.1006/gyno.2001.6374
Levenback, C., van der Zee, A. G. J., & Coleman, R. (red.). (2004). Clinical lymphatic mapping in gynecologic cancers. London and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Levenback, C. F., Ali, S., Coleman, R. L., Gold, M. A., Fowler, J. M., Judson, P. L., . . . Trimble, C. L. (2012). Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in women with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(31), 3786-3791. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.41.2528
Levernes, S. (2012). Volum og doser i ekstern stråleterapi: definisjoner og anbefalinger (StrålevernRapport 2012:9). Østerås: Statens strålevern. Hentet fra https://dsa.no/publikasjoner/stralevernrapport-9-2012-volum-og-doser-i-ekstern-straleterapi/StralevernRapport_09-2012.pdf
Levernes, S. (2019). Nomenklatur for volumer i stråleterapi (Teknisk dokument 14). Østerås: Direktoratet for strålevern og atomsikkerhet. Hentet fra https://dsa.no/medisinsk-stralebruk/kvist/_/attachment/download/2f7317b7-e2f3-423e-b388-7d1d8d07b271:e947e054b123c9af0fa0fae10c867ce43e3d149e/TekniskDokument14.pdf
Lindell, G., Näsman, A., Jonsson, C., Ehrsson, R. J., Jacobsson, H., Danielsson, K. G., . . . Larson, B. (2010). Presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and sentinel node. Gynecologic Oncology, 117(2), 312-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.12.031
Mahner, S., Jueckstock, J. K., Hilpert, F., Lubbe, D., Harter, P., De Gregorio, N., . . . Woelber, L. L. (2012). Impact of adjuvant therapy in lymph-node positive vulvar cancer: The AGO CARE 1 study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(15 SUPPL. 1), abstract 5007.
Malandrone, F., Bevilacqua, F., Merola, M., Gallio, N., Ostacoli, L., Carletto, S., & Benedetto, C. (2021). The Impact of Vulvar Cancer on Psychosocial and Sexual Functioning: A Literature Review. Cancers, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010063
McAlpine, J. N., Leung, S. C. Y., Cheng, A., Miller, D., Talhouk, A., Gilks, C. B., & Karnezis, A. N. (2017). Human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma has a worse prognosis than HPV-associated disease: a retrospective cohort study. Histopathology, 71(2), 238-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13205
Meltzer-Gunnes, C. J., Lie, A. K., Jonassen, C. G. M., Rangberg, A., Nystrand, C. F., Småstuen, M. C., & Vistad, I. (2024). Time trends in human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in vulvar carcinoma in Norway. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 103(1), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14702
Meltzer-Gunnes, C. J., Smastuen, M. C., Kristensen, G. B., Trope, C. G., Lie, A. K., & Vistad, I. (2017). Vulvar carcinoma in Norway: A 50-year perspective on trends in incidence, treatment and survival. Gynecologic Oncology, 145(3), 543-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.008
Micheletti, L., Bogliatto, F., & Levi, A. C. (2005). La linfoadenectomia inguino-femorale: fondamenti embriologici, anatomotopografici, anatomochirurgici sulla preservazione della fascia femorale. Roma: CIC Edizioni Internazionali.
Micheletti, L., & Preti, M. (2014). Surgery of the vulva in vulvar cancer. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 28(7), 1074-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.011
Monk, B. J., Burger, R. A., Lin, F., Parham, G., Vasilev, S. A., & Wilczynski, S. P. (1995). Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus DNA in vulvar carcinoma. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 85(5 Pt 1), 709-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-7844(95)00045-s
Moore, D. H., Ali, S., Koh, W. J., Michael, H., Barnes, M. N., McCourt, C. K., . . . Walker, J. L. (2012). A phase II trial of radiation therapy and weekly cisplatin chemotherapy for the treatment of locally-advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a gynecologic oncology group study. Gynecologic Oncology, 124(3), 529-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.11.003
Nooij, L. S., van der Slot, M. A., Dekkers, O. M., Stijnen, T., Gaarenstroom, K. N., Creutzberg, C. L., . . . van Poelgeest, M. I. (2016). Tumour-free margins in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: Does distance really matter? European Journal of Cancer, 65, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.006
Oonk, M. H., van Hemel, B. M., Hollema, H., de Hullu, J. A., Ansink, A. C., Vergote, I., . . . van der Zee, A. G. (2010). Size of sentinel-node metastasis and chances of non-sentinel-node involvement and survival in early stage vulvar cancer: results from GROINSS-V, a multicentre observational study. Lancet Oncology, 11(7), 646-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(10)70104-2
Oonk, M. H. M., Planchamp, F., Baldwin, P., Bidzinski, M., Brannstrom, M., Landoni, F., . . . van der Zee, A. G. J. (2017). European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Vulvar Cancer. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 27(4), 832-837. https://doi.org/10.1097/igc.0000000000000975
Oonk, M. H. M., Slomovitz, B., Baldwin, P. J. W., van Doorn, H. C., van der Velden, J., de Hullu, J. A., . . . van der Zee, A. G. J. (2021). Radiotherapy Versus Inguinofemoral Lymphadenectomy as Treatment for Vulvar Cancer Patients With Micrometastases in the Sentinel Node: Results of GROINSS-V II. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(32), 3623-3632. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.21.00006
Pouwer, A. W., Hinten, F., van der Velden, J., Smolders, R. G. V., Slangen, B. F. M., Zijlmans, H., . . . de Hullu, J. A. (2017). Volume-controlled versus short drainage after inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer patients: A Dutch nationwide prospective study. Gynecologic Oncology, 146(3), 580-587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.06.031
Pötter, R., Tanderup, K., Kirisits, C., de Leeuw, A., Kirchheiner, K., Nout, R., . . . Jürgenliemk-Schulz, I. (2018). The EMBRACE II study: The outcome and prospect of two decades of evolution within the GEC-ESTRO GYN working group and the EMBRACE studies. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol, 9, 48-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2018.01.001
Rao, Y. J., Chin, R. I., Hui, C., Mutch, D. G., Powell, M. A., Schwarz, J. K., . . . Markovina, S. (2017). Improved survival with definitive chemoradiation compared to definitive radiation alone in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A review of the National Cancer Database. Gynecologic Oncology, 146(3), 572-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.06.022
Rasmussen, C. L., Thomsen, L. T., Baandrup, L., Franzmann, M. B., Kjaer, A. K., Larsen, L. G., . . . Kjaer, S. K. (2023). Time trends in prevalence of p16 positivity and combined HPV/p16 positivity in a large cohort of Danish vulvar cancer patients. International Journal of Cancer, 152(11), 2424-2432. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.34446
Robison, K., Roque, D., McCourt, C., Stuckey, A., DiSilvestro, P. A., Sung, C. J., . . . Moore, R. G. (2014). Long-term follow-up of vulvar cancer patients evaluated with sentinel lymph node biopsy alone. Gynecologic Oncology, 133(3), 416-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.010
Rogers, L. J., & Cuello, M. A. (2018). Cancer of the vulva. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 143 Suppl 2, 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12609
Scheistrøen, M., Nesland, J. M., & Trope, C. (2002). Have patients with early squamous carcinoma of the vulva been overtreated in the past? The Norwegian experience 1977-1991. European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, 23(2), 93-103.
Schuurman, M. S., van den Einden, L. C., Massuger, L. F., Kiemeney, L. A., van der Aa, M. A., & de Hullu, J. A. (2013). Trends in incidence and survival of Dutch women with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. European Journal of Cancer, 49(18), 3872-3880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2013.08.003
Smith, J. S., Backes, D. M., Hoots, B. E., Kurman, R. J., & Pimenta, J. M. (2009). Human papillomavirus type-distribution in vulvar and vaginal cancers and their associated precursors. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 113(4), 917-924. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e31819bd6e0
Srodon, M., Stoler, M. H., Baber, G. B., & Kurman, R. J. (2006). The distribution of low and high-risk HPV types in vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN and VaIN). American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 30(12), 1513-1518. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pas.0000213291.96401.48
Stehman, F. B., Bundy, B. N., Thomas, G., Varia, M., Okagaki, T., Roberts, J., . . . Heller, P. B. (1992). Groin dissection versus groin radiation in carcinoma of the vulva: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 24(2), 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(92)90699-i
Te Grootenhuis, N. C., Pouwer, A. W., de Bock, G. H., Hollema, H., Bulten, J., van der Zee, A. G. J., . . . Oonk, M. H. M. (2018). Prognostic factors for local recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A systematic review. Gynecologic Oncology, 148(3), 622-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.11.006
Tran, D. A., Tan, X., Macri, C. J., Goldstein, A. T., & Fu, S. W. (2019). Lichen Sclerosus: An autoimmunopathogenic and genomic enigma with emerging genetic and immune targets. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(7), 1429-1439. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.34613
van de Nieuwenhof, H. P., van Kempen, L. C., de Hullu, J. A., Bekkers, R. L., Bulten, J., Melchers, W. J., & Massuger, L. F. (2009). The etiologic role of HPV in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma fine tuned. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 18(7), 2061-2067. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.Epi-09-0209
van der Velden, J., Fons, G., & Lawrie, T. A. (2011). Primary groin irradiation versus primary groin surgery for early vulvar cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5), CD002224. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002224.pub2
Woelber, L., Choschzick, M., Eulenburg, C., Hager, M., Jaenicke, F., Gieseking, F., . . . Mahner, S. (2011a). Prognostic value of pathological resection margin distance in squamous cell cancer of the vulva. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 18(13), 3811-3818. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-1778-0
Woelber, L., Eulenburg, C., Grimm, D., Trillsch, F., Bohlmann, I., Burandt, E., . . . Prieske, K. (2016a). The Risk of Contralateral Non-sentinel Metastasis in Patients with Primary Vulvar Cancer and Unilaterally Positive Sentinel Node. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 23(8), 2508-2514. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5114-6
Woelber, L., Griebel, L. F., Eulenburg, C., Sehouli, J., Jueckstock, J., Hilpert, F., . . . Mahner, S. (2016b). Role of tumour-free margin distance for loco-regional control in vulvar cancer-a subset analysis of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie CaRE-1 multicenter study. European Journal of Cancer, 69, 180-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.09.038
Woelber, L., Kock, L., Gieseking, F., Petersen, C., Trillsch, F., Choschzick, M., . . . Mahner, S. (2011b). Clinical management of primary vulvar cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 47(15), 2315-2321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.007
Yap, J. K., Fox, R., Leonard, S., Ganesan, R., Kehoe, S. T., Dawson, C. W., . . . Luesley, D. M. (2016). Adjacent Lichen Sclerosis predicts local recurrence and second field tumour in women with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Gynecologic Oncology, 142(3), 420-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.06.019
Zięba, S., Chechlińska, M., Kowalik, A., & Kowalewska, M. (2020). Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - New insights from next-generation sequencing studies. Gynecologic Oncology, 158(2), 498-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.05.034